Singapore: Tharman the Next President

The former Singapore ruling party stalwart Tharman Shanmugaratnam has won 70.4% of the vote in a crushing victory in the republic’s three-way presidential contest, a result that foiled expectations that he would be hurt by recent political scandals involving his ex-colleagues.

The Elections Department officially declared in favour of the 66-year-old in the early hours of Saturday. Earlier, the other two candidates, Ng Kok Song and Tan Kin Lian, effectively conceded the race.

Ng won 15.72% of valid votes while Tan received 13.88% of the votes. More than 2.48 million votes were cast in Singapore, with 50,152 rejected votes.

Tharman, a 22-year veteran of the long-ruling People’s Action Party (PAP), had faced questions during the campaign over whether the party’s recent political scandals – as well as overall public disquiet over rising inflation – would hurt his chances.

Tharman said he was humbled by the result. “It’s a vote of optimism for a future in which we can progress together and support each other as Singaporeans,” he said.

Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, the leader of the PAP government, said in a statement that he had called Tharman and assured him of the administration’s full cooperation.

“I have every confidence that he will carry out his duties as President with distinction,” Lee said. “Tharman has also declared his intention to work closely with the government,” he added.

The three candidates met stringent criteria to run for the race to succeed the incumbent, President Halimah Yacob, for a six-year term.

The republic’s presidency is a largely ceremonial role with custodial powers over the use of the country’s vast fiscal reserves and appointment of key public officials such as the chief justice, military chief, police commissioner and the attorney general.

Ng, 75, is a former chief investment officer at the state investor GIC, and was seen as the next most palatable to the republic’s middle-ground voters.

Tan, also 75, is a former chief executive of the state-linked insurer NTUC. He gained endorsements from a handful of opposition politicians, and was described as the preferred choice of voters hoping to use the contest to show their disaffection with the PAP.

 

Britain to join trans-Pacific trade pact

Britain on Sunday formally signed the treaty to join a major trans-Pacific trade pact, becoming the first country to take part since its inception in 2018 and opening the way for members to consider other applications including from China and Taiwan.

The signing was part of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) commission meeting being held in New Zealand.

Ministers from member countries will meet later on Sunday to discuss a range of topics, including how to move forward with new applications and a review of the agreement itself.

Britain's Business and Trade Secretary, Kemi Badenoch said at the signing that her country was delighted to become the first new member of the CPTPP.

"This is a modern and ambitious agreement and our membership in this exciting, brilliant and forward looking bloc is proof that the UK's doors are open for business," Badenoch said.

The British government still needs to ratify the agreement.

The CPTPP is a landmark trade pact agreed in 2018 between 11 countries including Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam.

Britain will become the 12th member of the pact that cuts trade barriers, as it looks to deepen ties in the Pacific after its exit from the European Union in 2020.

China, Taiwan, Ukraine, Costa Rica, Uruguay and Ecuador have also applied to join the CPTPP.

New Zealand Prime Minister Chris Hipkins said the road to bringing Britain into the agreement had been long and at times challenging, but having major economies inside the partnership would bring the Atlantic to the Indo-Pacific in a way that strengthened the rules-based trading system in the region.

 

 

World spy chiefs meet in Singapore

According to Reuters, senior officials from about two dozen of the world's major intelligence agencies held a secret meeting on the fringes of the Shangri-La Dialogue security meeting in Singapore this weekend.

Such meetings are organized by the Singapore government and have been discreetly held at a separate venue alongside the security summit for several years. The meetings have not been previously reported.

The US was represented by Director of National Intelligence Avril Haines, the head of her country's intelligence community, while China was among the other countries present, despite the tensions between the two superpowers.

Samant Goel, the head of India's overseas intelligence gathering agency, the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), also attended.

"The meeting is an important fixture on the international shadow agenda," said one person with knowledge of the discussions. "Given the range of countries involved, it is not a festival of tradecraft, but rather a way of promoting a deeper understanding of intentions and bottom lines.

"There is an unspoken code among intelligence services that they can talk when more formal and open diplomacy is harder - it is a very important factor during times of tension, and the Singapore event helps promote that."

A spokesperson for the Singapore Ministry of Defence said that while attending the Shangri-La Dialogue, participants including senior officials from intelligence agencies also take the opportunity to meet their counterparts.

"The Singapore Ministry of Defence may facilitate some of these bilateral or multilateral meetings," the spokesperson said. "Participants have found such meetings held on the sidelines of the (dialogue) beneficial."

The United States, Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand operate what is called the Five Eyes network to gather and share a broad range of intelligence, and their intelligence officials meet frequently.

Larger meetings of the intelligence community are rarer, and almost never publicized.

Although few details were available on the specific discussions in Singapore, Russia's war in Ukraine and transnational crime figured in the talks on Friday. On Thursday evening, the intelligence chiefs held an informal gathering.

No Russian representative was present, one of the sources said. Ukraine's deputy defence minister, Volodymr V. Havrylov, was at the Shangri-La Dialogue but said he did not attend the intelligence meeting.

Another of the sources said the tone at the meeting was collaborative and cooperative, and not confrontational.

At the main security dialogue, more than 600 delegates from 49 countries held three days of plenary sessions, as well as closed-door bilateral and multilateral meetings at the sprawling Shangri-La Hotel.

Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese gave the keynote address while US Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin, Chinese Defence Minister Li Shangfu and counterparts from Britain, Japan, Canada, Indonesia and South Korea also spoke.

Haines was among the official US delegates to the Shangri-La Dialogue. At a discussion on cybersecurity in the main meeting, she said in response to a question from a Chinese military officer that cooperation between countries was essential.

"It is absolutely critical, even when there is distrust, and even when you are facing in effect adversaries, that you still try to work through and cooperate on issues of mutual interest and also try to manage the potential for escalation," she said.

US officials said on Friday that CIA Director William Burns visited China last month for talks with Chinese counterparts as the Biden administration seeks to boost communications with Beijing.

 

Rising concerns about bunker quality

Singapore-based marine fuel supply firm, Integr8 Fuels, has warned ship operators of potential bunker quality issues. In its second Bunker Quality Trends report, the firm has assessed data relating to the supply of 60 million tons of bunker fuel over six months.

Integr8’s most important finding is that ships refuelling in the Amsterdam-Rotterdam-Antwerp port range are no less than 14 times more likely to receive very low sulphur fuel oil (VLSFO) consignments with sulphur levels exceeding the mandated 0.5% maximum than ships bunkering in Singapore.

The findings come at a key moment. They follow a series of high-profile incidents in Singapore, the world’s largest bunkering port, in which around 200 ships were affected by bad bunkers in the early months of 2022. Problems included clogged pipes, blocked fuel filters, and obstructed centrifuges.   

They also precede the 2025 introduction of the next Emission Control Area (ECA) in the strategically important Mediterranean Sea, affecting many thousands of vessels. From the beginning of May 2025, ships operating across the entire ECA will have to burn fuel with a sulphur content of no more than 0.1%.  

The Integr8 report provides owners with an update on fuel quality across a range of bunkering ports. In a statement, the company said it has addressed questions such as how likely an owner may be to face off-spec bunker situations; what parameters are the most problematic; and which ports pose the greatest risks.

The company’s Bunker Quality and Claims Manager, Chris Turner commented, “Whilst fuel quality remains good overall, pockets of problems remain, and data-driven buying remains the first line of defence to proactively protect buyers against most of the issues we see in the industry. We hope this report will provide ship operators and bunker buyers with the information and tools they need to mitigate risk and make smart buying decisions.”

The increasingly complex marketplace has prompted Integr8 to provide more data for clients. A new website will provide users with data sets that should give a basis for bunkering decisions such as when, where, costs, and avoiding possible delays.

Pablo Di Nieri, CCO said, “With so many different sources of data, and, in the case of pricing, a lack of official benchmarking system, it can be difficult to determine the right buying strategy or confidently assess performance. That’s why we have teams of research analysts and technical experts monitoring the market and producing valuable resources which users can access via our new website, along with regularly updated bunker pricing and quality information.”

 

Singapore bunker sales rebound in March

Sales of marine fuel, also known as bunker fuel, recovered at top refuelling hub Singapore in March as vessel calls for bunkering reached more than two-year highs, official data showed Friday.

Bunker sales are an indicator of sentiment at one of the world's most major ports and demand also affects fuel oil refining margins in Asia.

Singapore's bunker sales in March rose to 4.18 million tons, up 10%MoM and 11%YoY, Maritime and Port Authority data showed.

The rise reflected increasing vessel calls for bunkering, which hit more than two-year highs at 3,476 calls in March.

Demand improved after a lackluster February, when sales hit eight-month lows.

Lower upstream crude oil prices in March, which led to lower outright prices for bunkers, encouraged slightly more buying inquiries, trade sources said.

Volumes rose in March for all key bunker grades, including low-sulphur fuel oil, high-sulphur fuel oil and marine gasoil.

Bunker sales of LSFO grades totaled 2.58 million tons, up 10%MoM, the data showed.

Sales of HSFO grades totaled 1.24 million tons, up 11% from February while marine gasoil sales rose 9% to 330,200 tons.

 

 

Singapore faces shortage of drivers

The Singapore Tourism Board (STB) expects the Republic’s tourism sector to recover fully from the pandemic by 2024, but some local travel agencies say they have not been able to shift up a gear due to a shortage of tour bus drivers.

A WTS Travel spokesman told The Straits Times that at least 50% of the travel agency’s coaches are currently not in operation due to a tremendous shortage of drivers.

WTS Travel offers coach services to popular destinations in Malaysia, such as Genting Highlands and Melaka, and also provides tours here. It has had to turn down potential customers owing to the shortage, the spokesman added.

“We are not fully utilizing our entire fleet and are not able to service and complete all business demands,” he said.

The company did not reveal how many coaches it has in its fleet.

STB said in January that international visitor arrivals to Singapore are expected to hit 12 million to 14 million in 2023, with full tourism recovery expected by 2024.

Singapore saw a total of 6.3 million visitors in 2022, a fraction of the record 19.1 million in 2019.

But factors such as the retirement of ageing drivers, a lack of new young drivers and the Covid-19 pandemic have contributed to the severe shortage of tour bus drivers, said travel agencies and bus companies, which have not been able to capitalise on the tourism boom.

A National Association of Travel Agents Singapore (Natas) spokesman said irregular working hours and the availability of other jobs with more flexible hours are some potential reasons for the lack of new blood coming through.

“Many locals who are keen on driving as a career have chosen to be private-hire drivers, food and parcel delivery riders,” the spokesman said. “There are perks to being self-employed with flexible working hours and days, especially for those below 50 years old.”

A spokesman for bus chartering firm ST Lee Transport – which has only 60% of its bus driver positions filled – noted that most foreign workers from China and Malaysia had gone home when the pandemic began and were not willing to return and work in Singapore after the pandemic subsided, citing better work opportunities in their home countries.

ST Lee and fellow bus chartering company LongLim said new hires are hard to come by, even though both companies have increased the base salaries of drivers by up to 40%.

LongLim operations manager Ang Zi Wei said the company is currently paying its tour bus drivers a maximum of more than $5,000 a month after pay adjustments, taking into account factors such as overtime pay and peak-season demand.

Both firms said they have had to forgo up to 40% of new business opportunities and hire subcontractors to complete existing projects – but this comes at added expense.

“During peak periods, our own fleet may not be able to support the demand. The industry partners are engaged at rates between 1½ times and twice the value of our existing projects,” said the spokesman for ST Lee Transport.

Rates for new projects have also increased by 50% to 80% compared with before the pandemic due to a rise in operational costs such as manpower and certificate of entitlement prices, added the spokesman.

The Natas spokesman said that other than bus drivers, there is also a shortage of tour guides, and workers in the reservations and operations positions.

Amid the shortages, the newly launched Manpower for Strategic Economic Priorities scheme has helped some agencies with the recruitment of foreign workers, the Natas spokesman added.

Introduced in December 2022, the scheme allows firms that advance Singapore’s key economic priorities to temporarily hire a few more foreign workers beyond prevailing S Pass and work permit quotas for their industry.

Other industries that can benefit from this scheme include the maritime, logistics and supply chain, and hospitality sectors.

The companies interviewed hoped that more can be done to help the transport and tourism sectors recover.

“The Government aims to reduce dependency on foreign labour but overlooks the fact that there are certain jobs locals would not take up,” said the ST Lee Transport spokesman.

The WTS Travel spokesman said that to attract more new bus drivers, the agency hopes the Government can help to cover some operating costs, such as by reducing diesel taxes so that it can spend more on hiring these drivers.

Noting that the transport industry is classified under the service sector, the ST Lee Transport spokesman said: “We hope the Government can reclassify our industry under a new category and allow for flexibility in hiring foreign workers, as they are the ones who are actively supporting the industry right now.”

Globalization to be reshaped by US-China power tussle

In an increasingly polarized world, the need for multilateral frameworks that enable countries to do business with each other, even if they do not always see eye to eye, is stronger than ever, said Singaporean Deputy Prime Minister Lawrence Wong.

“If we can forge stronger partnerships between the major powers and all countries in the region, we can help foster a more stable and prosperous Asia,” he stressed in a keynote speech at the 55th Wharton Global Forum on Saturday, calling for new working arrangements and international collaboration to tackle issues that affect everyone, such as climate change and future pandemics.

“We must all work together to fortify multilateralism, and the global rules of the game.” 

What happens over the next few decades will be defined by how the rivalry between China and the US unfolds, said Wong, describing Taiwan as a dangerous flashpoint, with the Ukraine war adding to tensions.

Speaking to 800 alumni of Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, business leaders and government officials at the Shangri-La Singapore, he noted that on the economic side, the era of untrammeled globalization we enjoyed over the last 30 years is over.

More and more multinationals are looking to move production back home or relocate to markets that have a bigger consumer base, where they are less likely to get caught in geostrategic crossfires.

“Governments are also embracing more muscular industrial policies. The US, China and European Union are stumping out more aggressive support, in the form of tax breaks and subsidies, to develop domestic strengths in what they assess to be critical industries like semiconductors and green energy. We are seeing the emergence of an industrial policy arms race, and a huge contest for leadership in key technologies, which is likely to escalate with time,” said Wong, who is also Singapore’s Finance Minister.

“Left unchecked, if this trend continues, we will see a more fragmented and dangerous global order.”

While the leaders of both the US and China have affirmed their intent to engage one another and said they do not want a new Cold War, more needs to be done, said Mr Wong, highlighting Singapore’s support for multilateral pacts such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, the world’s largest free trade agreement, covering countries such as China, Japan, Australia and the 10 Asean nations.

“Meanwhile, the US has signaled its continued commitment to deepen its economic engagement of the region through the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework. Singapore has welcomed this too and hopes to work with partners to develop a framework which is open, inclusive, and flexible.”

Wong highlighted how an open, rules-based international order helped keep the world relatively stable.

While such an order was never perfect he said, “This stability fostered international cooperation and gave birth to an era of unparalleled economic transformation – many countries prospered, and millions were lifted out of poverty”.

“Today the world is more divided than ever before. But amidst these differences, we must find enough common ground to solve our collective problems.”

He added that multilateral institutions, like the World Bank, World Trade Organization and World Health Organization, which have helped define the rules-based international order over the decades, remain strong and relevant.

Wong said Singapore would do its part to advance these goals, while being realistic. “After all, we are really one of the smallest countries in Asia. We know that we have to adapt to the world as it is, not what we would like it to be.”

If not, he cautioned, Singapore might go the way of another Singapore – an American village founded in the 1830s in Michigan. Once a thriving lumber port town hoping to emulate the Asian city it was named after, it is now a ghost town after the lumber trade went into decline.

Wong, who is an alumnus of the University of Michigan, said Singapore is determined not to meet the same fate. “Singapore today may be in a stronger position than when we started out... but we will always be that little red dot in the world. And in this era of change, really, one can never take things for granted.”

To thrive and prosper, Singapore will do its best to stay relevant and add value in the global network as a key node for trade, finance, talent and ideas.

“We will continue to build a vast network of friends to promote peace and stability in our region, and, most of all, to preserve our sovereignty and right to determine our own future.”

Global Energy Trading orders methanol bunker tanker

Global Energy Trading (GET) and Stellar Shipmanagement have ordered Singapore’s first dedicated methanol bunker tanker to be built in Japan.

GET and Stellar have ordered a 4,000 dwt, IMO Type 2 Chemical and Oil Tanker, at Sasaki Shipbuilding in Japan.

The new vessel will join GET’s fleet in Singapore at the end of 2023 and will be the first Category A bunker tanker in the world’s largest bunkering port. The new tanker will allow GET to offer methanol bunkers in Singapore from 2024, and the company is also expanding its offerings with biofuel.

On the occasion, Loh Hong Leong, Group Managing Director of Global Energy Group, commented, “We have made an important step to support the industry’s effort on carbon emissions reduction by introducing alternative and green fuel bunkering supply chain solutions. The new tanker could pave the way for the next generation of a more versatile bunkering tanker.”

The two companies have partnered with Bureau Veritas which is also classing the newbuilding. A team from Stellar will supervise construction of the tanker in Japan.

Kelvin Kang, General Manager of Stellar Shipmanagement, commented, “Methanol as bunker fuel will add a new dimension to the bunkering industry in Singapore, we are pleased to work with Authorities, Class BV and relevant industry experts to develop methanol bunkering procedures and standards for the safe bunkering and STS operations.”

China: Saudi Arabia emerges the biggest oil supplier

Chinese crude oil imports from Russia in August surged 28% from a year earlier, but handed back its top supplier ranking to Saudi Arabia for the first time in four months.

Imports of Russian oil, including supplies pumped via the East Siberia Pacific Ocean pipeline and seaborne shipments from Russia's European and Far Eastern ports, totaled 8.342 million tons, data from the Chinese General Administration of Customs showed.

The August amount, equivalent to 1.96 million barrels per day (bpd), was slightly off May's record of nearly 2 million bpd.

China is Russia's largest oil buyer.

Russian imports rose as Chinese independent refiners extended purchases of discounted Russian supplies that elbowed out rival cargoes from West Africa and Brazil.

Emma Li, China analyst with Vortexa Analytics, said actual Russian supplies are likely at par with Saudi shipments at close to 8.5 million tons. Several cargoes of Russian Urals crude were reported as originating in Malaysia, according to ship-tracking data she has compiled.

Tuesday's customs data showed imports from Malaysia, often used as a transfer point in the past two years for oil originating from Iran, Venezuela and more recently Russia, nearly doubled from a year earlier, to 3.37 million tons, or 794,000 bpd, at record high.

China's purchases from Russia have climbed to reap the benefits of a plunge in European buying as the Ukraine crisis pushes Moscow in search of alternative markets. 

Still, imports from Saudi Arabia rebounded last month to 8.475 million tons, or 1.99 million bpd, 5% above a year ago levels.

Saudi Arabia also remains the biggest supplier on a year-to-date basis, shipping 58.31 million tons of oil from January to August, down 0.3%YoY, as compared to 55.79 million tons from Russia, which was up 7.3% from a year ago.

China's crude oil imports in August fell 9.4% from a year earlier, as outages at state-run refineries and lower operations at independent plants caused by weak margins capped buying.

The strong Russian purchases continued to weigh on competing supplies from Angola and Brazil, which fell in August by 34% and 47%YoY, respectively.

Customs reported no imports from Venezuela or Iran last month. State oil firms have shunned purchases since late 2019 avoiding likely secondary US sanctions.

However, Reuters reported that defense-focused China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp (CASIC) has moved 25 million barrels of Venezuelan crude into China since late 2020, which Chinese customs does not report.

China also did not import any crude from the United States.

Nancy Pelosi sets off on Asia tour

According to South China Morning Post, US House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has begun her anticipated trip to Asia, with her office naming four destinations but making no mention of Taiwan. 

This comes amid more stormy warnings from Beijing amid heightened tensions over her planned visit to the island.

Pelosi, No 3 in the line of US presidential succession, is leading a six-member congressional delegation to Singapore, Malaysia, South Korea and Japan, according to a statement released by her office on Sunday.

The statement skipped any mention of Taiwan, after days of intense speculation about a likely stop there fuelled tensions, with Beijing calling it a provocation and warning Washington against playing with fire.

“In Singapore, Malaysia, South Korea and Japan, our delegation will hold high-level meetings to discuss how we can further advance our shared interests and values, including peace and security, economic growth and trade, the Covid-19 pandemic, the climate crisis, human rights and democratic governance,” the statement quoted Pelosi as saying.

“America is firmly committed to smart, strategic engagement in the region, understanding that a free and flourishing Indo-Pacific is crucial to prosperity in our nation and around the globe,” the 82-year-old Democratic lawmaker said.

Beijing regards Taiwan to be a breakaway province, to be reunited by force if necessary, and warns against any official exchange with the self-governed island.

It earlier said Pelosi’s planned trip to Taiwan was a move to support Taiwan independence, in violation of one-China policy, followed by the United States.

On Thursday, Biden and China’s Xi Jinping spoke on the phone for over two hours. During the call, Biden tried to reassure Xi that US policy towards Taiwan has not changed.

“On Taiwan, President Biden emphasized that US policy has not changed and that the US strongly opposes unilateral efforts to change the status quo or undermine peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait,” an official readout on the White House website said.

After the leaders’ phone call, China’s Foreign Ministry quoted Xi as telling Biden that those who play with fire will perish by it and that they hoped the United States will be clear-eyed about this.

However, Pelosi indicated on Friday that she will be on a trip to Asia, but did not mention Taiwan. “I am very excited if we were to go to the countries that you will hear about along the way,” she said, Reuters reported.

White House spokesman John Kirby said, “Where she (Pelosi) is going to go and what she is going to do is up to the speaker to speak to.”

However, he added that the United States has not observed any signs of a specific military threat from China. “(We have) seen no physical, tangible indications of anything untoward with regard to Taiwan,” Kirby said.

  

Israeli weapon seen used by Ukrainian unit against Russia

An anti-armor weapon jointly developed by Israel, Singapore and a German company has been seen in use by the Neo-Nazi Azov Battalion against Russian military forces.

In a video released by the Azov Battalion, a Ukrainian fighter, ostensibly affiliated with the controversial unit, can be seen firing the portable anti-tank weapon at what appears to be a Russian armored personnel carrier (APC).

As Western countries have undertaken massive arms transfers to Ukraine to support it in its war against Russia, critics such as The Intercept’s Sara Sirota have expressed concern that these weapons could end up in the Azov Battalion, which was integrated into Ukraine’s National Force in 2014.

Anti-tank and armor weapons such as the Javelin, NLAW and MATADOR have been a mainstay of arms transfers to Ukraine. In a March 16, 2022 briefing, White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki said “Anti-armor and air-defense systems, they are effectively defending the country.”

The German Defense Ministry listed 2,650 MATADORs for purchase by Ukraine, Süddeutsche Zeitung reported in March. Euromaidan Press reported that they had been purchased for €25 million, along with another 2,450 that will be produced.

The recently released video shows that these partly Israeli-developed weapons are now in the hands of the Azov Battalion, which has been widely characterized as a neo-Nazi militia. While CNN and other media analysis have weighed the possibility that Azov has reformed, the group still has prominent neo-Nazis in its ranks and features white supremacist symbols.

The Battalion’s logo still has the Black Sun, a common white supremacist symbol, and the Wolfsangel symbol used by the Nazi SS.

This is not the first time concerns have been raised about Israeli weapons and Ukraine. In February, Interfax Ukraine reported that the Israeli Defense Ministry told Baltic states that it wouldn’t meet requests for third-party transfer of Israeli-made weapons to Ukraine.

In 2018, Haaretz reported that human rights activists filed a petition to the High Court of Justice demanding an end to arms exports to Ukraine over concern they would reach Azov militants.

Haaretz published an image showing an Israel Weapons Industry Tavor sub-machine gun being held by an Azov Battalion soldier. Tavors have also been seen wielded by Ukrainian fighters in the recent conflict, produced under license by Ukrainian company RPC Fort as the FORT-221, according to The Warzone.

The MATADOR, also known in European markets as the RGW 90, is an unguided short-range shoulder-fired anti-armor rocket launcher jointly developed by Israeli government-owned defense firm RAFAEL Advanced Defense Systems, Singapore’s armed forces and Defence Science and Technology Agency, and German defense company Dynamit Nobel.

The MATADOR platform was developed for the confined spaces of urban warfare environments and is capable of penetrating the armor of most APCs and light tanks, according to the Singaporean Defense Ministry.

The weapon has a “dual-capability” warhead beyond normal anti-tank weapons, a delay action mode designed to blow open walls and create an entry into buildings. When fighting in urban environments, the ability to avoid entering though doors and windows can mean avoiding ambush or booby traps.

The weapon is “among the lightest in its class,” according to the Singaporean Defense Ministry, and extremely versatile.

According to Dynamit Nobel Defense, the MATADOR is capable of firing smokescreen and illumination munitions in addition to its anti-armor, vehicle and tank functions.

It has a maximum effective range of 500 meters, according to technical specifications published by the Singaporean Defense Ministry.

The MATADOR is in use by several states, including the Israel Defense Forces, where it has seen effective and active service. Among some IDF soldiers, the weapon is considered too expensive to fire in training. The wall opening function is particularly valued by IDF soldiers, who have used it in heavily built-up environments such as the Gaza Strip.