Pakistan Stock Exchange posts 2.3%WoW gain

Pakistan Stock Exchange began the week ended on October 11, 2024 on a strong positive note, sustained its momentum through the initial days, with the benchmark index rising to a record high of 85,669 points on Wednesday. However, concerns in the power sector amid the termination of IPP contracts, coupled with some profit-taking in the last two sessions, dragged the index to close at 85,483 points on Friday, posting an increase of 1,951 points or 2.3%WoW gain.

Overall positive sentiments were largely driven by improved liquidity in equity market, as local funds continued to shift flows from fixed-income assets due to declining interest rates.

Investors’ optimism was further bolstered by the visit of a Saudi delegation, which resulted in the signing of 27MoU’s worth US$2.2 billion, and discussions surrounding the Reko-Diq stake sell.

The GoP finally terminated Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) with five Independent Power Producers (IPPs) during the week, with discussions regarding 17 more IPPs lined up for future negotiations to shift from Take-or-pay model to Take-and-pay.

On the macroeconomic front, workers' remittances inflow remained robust in September 2024, totaling US$2.85 billion or 29%YoY increase.

While the trade deficit for the month was reported at US$1.78 billion, current account is expected to remain stable, with a potential surplus for the period.

Moreover, in efforts to address the tax gap from the 1QFY25 deficit, GoP communicated likely tax hikes to the IMF, particularly on direct imports (mainly machinery) and advanced import taxes.

Furthermore, a tax on agriculture is expected to be implemented from July 2025, according to the Finance Minister.

Amid the positive momentum, market participation also surged by 51.3%WoW, with average daily traded volume rising to 518 million shares, from 342 million shares in the earlier week.

Foreign exchange reserves held by SBP increased by US$106 million WoW to US$10.8 billion as of October 04, 2024, a 2.5-year high.

Other major news flows during the week included: 1) Public debt in August 2024 surged to PKR70.4 trillion, 2) Task force to discuss mechanism for 35% gas sale to private firms, 3) Rebasing of electricity tariffs likely from January 01, 2025, and 4) Car sales surged by 24%YoY in September 2024.

Transport, Modarabas, and Woollen were amongst the top performing sectors while the laggards included: Power Generation & Distribution, Vanaspati & Allied industries, and Paper & board.

Major selling was recorded by Foreigners with a net sell of US$18.9 million. Mutual Funds absorbed most of the selling with a net buy of US$22.6 million

Top performing scrips of the week were: PTC, PSO, ATLH, LCI, and PPL, while top laggards included: HUBC, KOSM, NCPL, YOUW, and LUCK.

Going forward, the market is expected to remain positive, supported by declining interest rates, likely to continue driving flows towards equity market.

Despite recent highs, market remains attractive, trading at P/E of 3.7x and a dividend yield of 12.7%.

Pakistan’s leading brokerage house, AKD Securities recommend focusing on sectors that stand to benefit from monetary easing and structural reforms, particularly high-dividend-yielding stocks, which are expected to rerate as yields align with fixed-income instruments. Top picks include: OGDC, PPL, MCB, UBL, MEBL, FFC, PSO, LUCK, MLCF, FCCL and INDU.

 

 

 

 

US Enabled a Middle East Bully

According to Joe Macaron, one of the collateral damages of the Gaza conflict is the US global leadership. In the past year, the Biden administration was unable or unwilling to tame an out-of-control Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who has gone beyond the retaliation to the October 07 attacks on the Gaza Envelope of southern Israel.

Netanyahu compared it to Pearl Harbor and 9/11, and the Biden administration has understandably embraced that,

However, this worn-out argument has unleashed a beast that is undermining US interests and failing to secure Israel in the long run.

Netanyahu is switching from one front to the other: Gaza, the West Bank, Lebanon, and Yemen with no internal or external constraint on his actions and the disproportional killing of civilians.

The Biden administration has initially advised Israel to agree on a ceasefire in Gaza and move to the second level of targeting Hamas commanders.

Netanyahu did neither; instead, he initiated another conflict in Lebanon with a death toll exceeding 1,000 since September 23, where not more than 3% of them were Hezbollah commanders.

Netanyahu’s discourse and policies are putting the Middle East in a perpetual security competition where Israel does whatever is necessary to ensure its self-defense while maximizing its force with an ambitious agenda to change “the balance of power in the region for years.”

It was enough to watch Netanyahu’s speech at the United Nations General Assembly to detect an egomaniacal discourse that is taking both Israel and the US on a dangerous path.

This overconfidence in Netanyahu’s discourse would not have existed without the air power dominance that the US provides, the Biden administration has yet to use this leverage of military aid to constrain Netanyahu. 

The US is now perceived as complicit with Netanyahu or unable to influence a key ally.

Beyond the immediate ecstasy of killing Hezbollah and Hamas leaders, Netanyahu has no clear plan or exit strategy, neither in Gaza nor Lebanon.

The Biden administration is enabling a bully by providing the tools and protection.

The excessive use of force will not secure the long-term stability of Israel nor sustain a moral and effective US global leadership.

Iran’s strategy for a year at least has been to intimidate the US military so Washington can exercise enough pressure on Netanyahu to agree on a ceasefire in Gaza, which was the safest path for the Iranian regime to avoid a direct confrontation with Israel.

The Biden administration has conveyed a clear message to Tehran not to attack American assets on the assumption that the US is committed to Israel’s security but is not directly involved in the conflict in Gaza and beyond.

It seems Netanyahu is pulling the US into a regional conflict rather than maintaining the stance from the first Iranian attack last April when Washington acted as a global leader managing the conflict between two regional powers. The US wants Iran to stay idle as Israel goes after its proxies one after the other.

Dealing with the threats of the Iranian regime and its proxies requires a long-term strategy because mass killing would only produce a radical generation in Gaza, Lebanon, and beyond.

Guaranteeing the silence of Arab autocrats is not enough to secure a long-term resolution of the Arab conflict with Israel.

In an insightful analysis in Foreign Affairs, Richard Haas argued, “America needs a playbook for difficult friends” and that Washington should have an independent policy when it disagrees with an ally as a subtle way to show objection without damaging the relationship.

The US should claim back its leadership role in the Middle East and send a clear signal that there is daylight between American and Israeli interests and that the US commitment to Israeli security is not a blank check.

The Biden administration’s blind support for Netanyahu is unprecedented and setting a dangerous precedence.

The damage to US image and interests in the Middle East should not be underestimated, and the long-term game is the most effective one; there are no quick fixes to the threats of the Iranian regime and its proxies.

Gaza War Dooms Biden’s Plan

According to David B. Ottaway, a year after the onset of the Israel-Hamas War, the Biden Administration’s plan for a new Middle East security architecture anchored in an alliance between the United States, Israel and Saudi Arabia is dead for the foreseeable future.

Its death is another victim of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s refusal to allow an independent Palestinian state as a basis for a solution to the conflict that most countries, including the United States, are demanding.

Before the war started, US diplomats were making progress in nudging Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (MBS) toward establishing ties with the Jewish state. Both the crown prince and Biden were talking optimistically about Saudi recognition of, and open cooperation with, the Jewish state.

Two of Saudi Arabia’s closest allies, the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain had already taken that step in the 2020 Abraham Accords.

Biden was enticing MBS with a formal US-Saudi defense treaty to protect the kingdom from its chief enemy, Iran. The Palestinian cause was fading, in the minds of Arab leaders, and Israel was on the verge of fulfilling its dream of winning recognition from the Middle East’s Arab powerhouse. 

The Gaza War halted all this momentum in its tracks, and there is no ceasefire in sight. The Israeli military has occupied all of Gaza and, in the process, killed nearly 42,000 Palestinian civilians and Hamas fighters, displaced most of its 2.2 million Palestinian population from their homes, and inflicted massive damage on its infrastructure.

This has caused even Arab leaders with no love for Hamas because of its Islamic roots, refusal to recognize the Jewish state, and ties to Iran to harden calls for the establishment of a Palestinian state.

Nowhere is this shift in the attitude of Arab leaders better on display than in Saudi Arabia. In an interview with Fox News on September 20, just 17 days before the Hamas attack, MBS went out of his way to deny reports that US-led negotiations over Saudi normalization of relations with Israel were in trouble.

To the contrary, he said, “every day we get closer” toward what he called “the biggest historical deal since the end of the Cold War.” He made no demand for a Palestinian state as a precondition, just that Israel “ease the life of the Palestinians.”

On September 19, 2024 he delivered quite a starkly different message at the annual opening of his kingdom’s consultative Shoura Council.

The Palestinian cause was “at the forefront” of Saudi attention, and he was working tirelessly to see the establishment of a Palestinian state.

He warned, “We affirm that the kingdom will not establish diplomatic relations with Israel without that.” He thanked the 143 countries that had already recognized a Palestinian state and urged others to follow suit.

If Saudi Arabia hews to this precondition, then the new Middle East the Biden administration has worked tirelessly to birth seems doomed, at least without a radical change in Israeli thinking and government.

US renewable diesel production declines

US renewable diesel production capacity declined in July 2024 by the most since the industry began its rapid expansion three years ago, data from the Energy Information Administration (EIA) shows.

Capacity to produce biomass-based renewable diesel and other biofuels, excluding biodiesel and ethanol, fell by about 299 million gallons per year from June to about 4.60 billion gallons a year in July, the second time it has declined since the EIA began keeping records in 2021.

Well-established oil refiners and startups have made large bets on renewable diesel in recent years as government mandated consumption targets and subsidies lowering costs of production have encouraged investments in supply growth. However, output from new plants is starting to outpace demand, leading to a glut in the market.

Vertex Energy, one of the newest entrants in the U.S. renewable diesel industry, filed for Chapter 11, bankruptcy protection last week, just months after it paused output of the biofuel, citing macroeconomic weakness.

Demand for vegetable oils as feedstock for renewable diesel production, which include canola oil, corn oil and soybean oil, fell more than 5.6% from June to 1.168 billion pounds in July, the EIA data showed.

Demand for the same feedstocks from facilities producing biodiesel, which is blended into petroleum-based fuel to lower emissions, rose 5.6% from June to 866 million pounds in July, according to the data.

Demand for waste oils, fats and greases, such as tallow and used cooking oil, rose to 1.43 billion pounds in July from 1.38 billion pounds in June, the data showed.

Those consumption levels indicate biofuel producers are running their plants below capacity, said Zander Capozzola, vice president of renewable fuels at AEGIS Hedging.

At current capacity, renewable diesel plants could burn through at least 3.162 billion pounds of feedstocks per month, while biodiesel producers would consume another 1.288 billion, if they were running at full capacity, Capozzola said.

United States has become a proxy of Israel

Historically, the United States has used many countries as its proxy, but lately, the super power has become a proxy of Israel. Many of our readers may raise eyebrows on our expression, but they are advised to read today’s post dispassionately.

According to pentagon, the US military struck more than a dozen Houthi targets in Yemen on Friday, attacking the bases and weapons systems.

US Central Command (Centcom) forces conducted strikes on 15 Houthi targets around 5.00pm local time. The targets included “Houthi offensive military capabilities,” according to a statement from the command, which is responsible for protecting US interests in the Middle East.

“These actions were taken to protect freedom of navigation and make international waters safer and more secure for US, coalition, and merchant vessels,” the statement adds.

US officials earlier told The Associated Press that US military aircraft and warships bombed Houthi strongholds at roughly five locations.

Houthi media said the strikes hit Yemen’s capital Sanaa, the airport in Hodeida, the south of Dhamar city and the southeast of al-Bayda province — the latter of which has several Houthi military outposts.

The Houthi media also blamed the strikes on US and British forces, but the United Kingdom said it was not involved.

Houthi rebels have launched steady attacks on international shipping in the Red Sea near Yemen since last November. The air and sea attacks, which they say are in solidarity with Palestinians in Israel’s war with Hamas, have been met with US retaliatory strikes.

The Houthis earlier this week claimed to have shot down another American-made MQ-9 Reaper drone over Yemen, with the US military acknowledging it had lost a drone.

The militia group also claimed responsibility for an attack aimed at three US ships in the Red Sea. US officials say Navy destroyers intercepted the two Houthi drones and more than half a dozen missiles and that there was no damage to its vessels, according to the AP.

The American strikes in Yemen also come amid the backdrop of a growing regional escalation after Iran’s major missile attack on Israel this week in response to a ramped-up Israeli airstrike campaign in Lebanon against the Tehran-backed Hezbollah.

 

No supporter of Palestinians except Iran

On Monday October 07, a year of Israeli genocide in Gaza will complete. A new front has been opened in Lebanon. Israel and Iran have attacked each other.

 Following are the takeaways from conflict: 1) Israel has emerged superior due to extensive support from the United States and European countries, 2) Iran has received many dents because of lack of support from other countries, 3) Iran is virtually alone, most of its missiles have been intercepted by Arab Muslim countries and 4) oil rich Arab countries are under the hegemony of United States and avoid even condemning Israel. 

Therefore, Iran has two option 1) accept Israel’s hegemony or 2) continue to support Palestinians and accept killing of its people.

The chances of getting any support from oil rich Arab countries are the least.

Iranian leader defends strikes on Israel

Iran's missile strikes on Israel were "correct, logical, and lawful", Ayatollah Ali Khamenei told a vast crowd that had gathered to hear him speak in Tehran on Friday.

The supreme leader described the attack as the "minimum punishment" for what he called Israel's "astonishing crimes" while leading Friday prayers in the capital, something he has not done since 2020.

Khamenei's speech came three days after Iran fired nearly 200 missiles at Israel, in what it said was retaliation for the assassination of Hezbollah’s leader, Hassan Nasrallah.

The Farsi-speaking supreme leader delivered part of his speech in Arabic.

During his sermon, Khamenei praised Nasrallah and voiced support for Hamas and Hezbollah, which he said provided "vital service to the entire region and the entire Islamic world".

He said Iran-aligned armed groups "will not back down" in their conflict with Israel, which entered a new phase after Hamas raided Israel almost one year ago.

Iran is the main supporter of Hezbollah and Hamas, as well as other armed groups around the Middle East which have attacked Israel. They often dub themselves the "Axis of Resistance".

In recent weeks, several senior leaders of Iran-backed groups and Iran's powerful military wing, the Revolutionary Guards, have been killed in Israeli strikes or presumed Israeli assassinations.

The supreme leader's appearance in front of a crowd of tens of thousands in Tehran is a sign of the gravity of the moment for the Iranian regime, which is facing widespread domestic discontent.

It could be read as an attempt to show strength and restore Iran’s credibility as leader of the “Axis of Resistance”.

The public appearance was also intended to show that Khamenei is not in hiding, after reports emerged that he had been taken to a secure location following Nasrallah's assassination.

The Grand Mosalla Mosque was flooded with people after Iranians were given free transport to attend the sermon. A large Palestinian flag was seen in the crowd. Khamenei holds ultimate power in Iran, but very rarely leads Friday prayers himself.

The last time he did was in 2020, after the US killed Iran's most senior military commander, Qassem Soleimani. The time before that was in 2012.

Iran is still reeling from the loss of its allies Nasrallah and Hamas's political leader Ismail Haniyeh, who was assassinated in Tehran in July.

Israel is widely considered to be behind Haniyeh's killing, though it has never commented on his death.

Khamenei also told the crowd that Iran would retaliate if, as expected, Israel launched a response to Tuesday's missile attack.

"If we needed to do that again, we would do it again in the future," Khamenei told supporters.

On Thursday, US President Joe Biden suggested a possible Israeli strike on Iran's oil infrastructure had been discussed, as Israel continued to weigh up how to strike back at Tehran.

Courtesy: Saudi Gazette