The spate of attacks from Iranian-backed groups across the
region, which broke out nearly two months ago on October 17 amid the
Israel-Hamas war in Gaza, are not letting up and have spurred growing anger on
Capitol Hill.
Republicans are pushing the Biden administration to project
more strength against the Iranian-backed groups.
Senate
Minority Leader Mitch McConnell said on the floor Wednesday that
Biden must focus on the task at hand — deterring Iran.
These Iranian-backed groups are not deterred, they believe
they can try to kill Americans with impunity, McConnell said, calling for Biden
to get serious about the threats we face.
Republican presidential candidates also called out Biden on
the debate stage. Ron DeSantis, a Navy veteran said American troops are
sitting ducks in the Middle East.
Nikki
Haley, former UN ambassador, accused Biden of appeasing Iran.“They only respond
to strength,” Haley said of Iran. “You’ve got to punch
them, you’ve got to punch them hard and let them know that.”
Since October 17, Iranian-backed groups in Iraq and Syria
have attacked US bases and troops 92 times, according to the Pentagon’s latest
estimate.
The US has also engaged the Houthi rebels in Yemen several
times. The Houthis, who are also backed by Iran, have shot drones at American
ships and attacked merchant vessels, including the successful hijacking of
one commercial boat last month.
Those attacks are in the Red Sea, where about 10% of the
world’s commerce flows through every year.
With the attacks stacking up and stirring criticism,
defense officials argue the main objective is to contain the
Israel-Hamas war and prevent a wider regional conflict, with Washington taking
proportional measures against Iranian-backed militias.
The
dangerous tit for tat is spurring concerns the US is playing with
fire — and creating fears that a misstep could
spark an even greater surge of violence.
“We’re in a really terrible, unstable and vulnerable
condition,” said Thanassis Cambanis, the director of Century International, a
progressive think tank. “Even if Iran and the US don’t want a wider war,
it’s easy for miscalculation to produce one.”
The militants waging war in the Middle East against the US
have been doing so for years — there were some 70 attacks on US forces between
2021 and early 2023, many by Iran-backed groups in Iraq and elsewhere.
But the breakout of the Israel-Hamas war sparked an
unprecedented number of attacks in a short time frame.
Analysts
say the militia groups — and Iran — want to send a message of solidarity with
the Palestinian people, while they are also bristling against increased US
military presence, including American aircraft carrier ships and
nuclear-powered submarines in the region.
The US is struggling with two major wars in
Gaza and Ukraine. With those hot conflicts stretching Washington thin, the
Biden administration’s main goal is to ensure there is not a wider
regional war in the Middle East.
Pentagon press secretary Maj. Gen. Pat Ryder told
reporters Thursday the US is succeeding in deterring Iranian-backed militia
groups.
“That’s not to say that the challenges associated with
Iranian proxies attacking US forces in Iraq and Syria or the rebels firing
missiles at international shipping are not something we shouldn’t take
serious,” Ryder said.
“But we will address those problems in the way that
we’ve been doing. And we will continue to stay very focused on not
only deterring, but also protecting our force.”
Michael Knights,
an expert in Iraq and Iran at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy,
said the US has managed to keep the fighting at a proportional level, and while
that doesn’t look good in a headline, in reality there is no real threat.
Knights noted that no American service members have died in
the recent attacks, and the militia groups appear to be designing the
rocket and drone attacks to avoid fatalities
“They have a pretty limited chance of hitting Americans, and
sometimes [the strikes] are quite aimed off, because large salvos haven’t even
landed within the bases,” Knights said. “There’s been a lot of bangs, but
they’ve all fallen into what we call the polite category, which means
we’re largely looking at single drone attacks that the US can just
eat for breakfast.”
But Knights said the deterrence of the Houthis near Yemen
has failed, and the US may deliberately be holding back from carrying out
more destructive strikes.
One
reason for the restraint could be to prevent the unraveling of peace talks
in a years-long war between Houthi rebels and the Yemeni government, both
of which are in a fragile cease-fire, he added.
“The US doesn’t want to disrupt that peace process … and the
Houthis are taking full advantage of that because they know right now they
can do whatever they want,” Knights said. “They are the part of the deterrence
puzzles where the US is doing the least well.”
The Houthis, like Lebanon’s Hezbollah, are a
prominent Iranian-backed faction and have earned their stripes in the war
with Yemen’s government. That has molded them into a more formidable fighting
force compared with other militia groups in Iran’s sphere.
Michael McCaul, chairman of the House Foreign Affairs
Committee, slammed Biden for failing to stop the Houthi attacks and
urged greater action against the group, including a foreign terrorist
organization (FTO) designation.
“By
prioritizing politics over security, this administration emboldened the
Houthis, enabling them to develop more advanced weapons, deepen ties with Iran,
and further entrench their control over millions of innocent Yemenis,” McCaul
said in a statement.
“It is clear that the Houthis are a threat to Yemen,
our partners across the Middle East, US service members and citizens in the
region, and freedom of navigation and global commerce.”
Jason Blazakis, director of the Center on Terrorism,
Extremism, and Counterterrorism at the Middlebury Institute of
International Studies, said the FTO designation would help the US and likely
would not endanger Houthi-Yemen peace talks.
“It would be a signal of US displeasure with Iranian
action,” he said. “There needs to be a response to the Houthis because of their
untoward activities. They’ve become increasingly belligerent. That
can’t be ignored.”
The US is also considering a maritime task force, which
would be made up of attack ships from several countries, to defend ships
against Houthi threats in the Red Sea.
Tensions
are likely to remain high as long as Israel’s war to defeat Hamas rages in
Gaza, with devastating consequences for civilians there. On Thursday,
Israel’s defense minister said the war in Gaza could last months.
Lawrence Wilkerson, a retired U.S. colonel who previously
served under former Secretary of State Colin Powell, said Biden
should bring the war in Gaza to a resolution if he wants to stop the
Middle East conflict from ballooning out of control.
“Until we decide to
essentially cut down our power a bit and let things settle,” he said,
“they aren’t going to.”