According to certain reports Biden administration has made
little progress in advancing normalization agreements between Israel and Arab
and Muslim-majority countries more than one year since they were first
established under the Trump administration.
Supporters of the agreements, ‘The Abraham Accords’
say President Joe Biden is missing a key opportunity on an issue that
enjoys rare bipartisan support in a polarized and hyper-partisan Congress.
They add that the President can reap tangible successes in
the Middle East, including on improving conditions for Palestinians, while
taking ownership of a Trump foreign policy success.
The stalled progress is likely to give ammo to Republicans
ahead of the 2022 and 2024 elections, who seek to skewer the Biden
administration over its policy of rapprochement with Iran and reestablishing
ties with the Palestinians that were severed under Trump.
Biden administration has also come under fire for appearing
to fail to defend Kurdish Iraqis who were condemned, and reportedly physically
threatened, for calling to normalize ties with Israel.
“It is beyond unexplainable that the Biden administration is
distancing America from this noble effort of the Iraqi people to normalize
relations with Israel. We should pray for their efforts, not shun them,” former
Secretary of State Mike Pompeo tweeted in response to a statement by
the US-led coalition to defeat ISIS that denied knowledge of the calls for normalization.
Pompeo, one of the architects of the accords and a potential
2024 Republican presidential candidate, will be in Jerusalem next week to
celebrate their one-year anniversary with Israeli officials.
Also in attendance will be Trump's son-in-law and former
special adviser Jared Kushner, who was integral in shaping the deal, along
with former US Ambassador to Israel David Friedman, who will be
inaugurating the “Friedman Center for Peace through Strength” to coincide
with the celebrations.
The Abraham Accords were first announced in August 2020 as a
breakthrough in normalization between Israel and the United Arab Emirates,
marking the first Arab country to establish relations with Israel in more than
two decades, since Jordan in 1994.
Bahrain was the second country to sign on to the deals followed
by pronouncements from Sudan and Morocco to deepen ties with Israel.
“I have to say that it exceeded my expectations,” Ghaith
al-Omari, a senior fellow with the Washington Institute who served as an
adviser on Palestinian negotiations between 1999 and 2001, said of the success
of the accords.
“Relations are going strong, embassies are being formally
established, economic relations are just only growing … certainly we’re
seeing a momentum," he added.
While the trigger for the UAE recognizing Israel was an
effort to preserve Palestinian national aspirations — securing a commitment by
Israel to halt plans for annexation green-lighted by the Trump administration —
al-Omari said that the deepening ties with Abu Dhabi and the subsequent
agreements with Bahrain, Sudan and Morocco show how far the Palestinian issue
has fallen from the agenda of Arab and Muslim countries.
“In the end it’s invalidated the old paradigm that Israeli
peace with the Arabs has to go first with the Palestinian track. These are all transformations,”
he said.
Yet including issues related to the Palestinians with
prospective Abraham Accord partners could present an opportunity for the Biden
administration to secure a key signatory like Saudi Arabia, and move forward
its commitments to improving the situation for Palestinians in general, said
Michael Koplow, Policy Director of the Israel Policy Forum, a research and
policy advocacy organization.
Saudi Arabia, which the Trump administration touted as being
close to signing on to the accords, has resisted so far, insisting that
normalization with Israel is contingent on Palestinian statehood.
“If countries that normalize with Israel keep this in mind,”
Koplow continued. “To say to Israelis, ‘listen there are things [with the
Palestinians] that make it harder for us to normalize, and if you stop some of
these things, then more agreements can be had’ — that’s a model that we’ve seen
work once already and I think it's likely to keep on going.”
The Israel Relations Normalization Act of 2021, sponsored by
Rep. Brad Schneider in the House and Sen. Rob Portman in the Senate,
calls for the State Department to assess how the Abraham Accords “advance
prospects for peace between Israelis and Palestinians.”
“The Biden administration has been tepid — to be
charitable — on moving forward,” Koplow said. “One challenge is that the
model that the Trump administration developed is simply not wise for the United
States.”
The Trump administration came under intense scrutiny by both
Republicans and Democrats over the basis of the agreements reached with the
UAE, Sudan and Morocco.
This included selling F-35 advanced fighter jets and other
military sales to Abu Dhabi, removing Sudan from the State Sponsor of Terrorism
List, and recognizing Morocco’s claim to the contested territory of Western
Sahara.
While the Biden team has allowed the F-35 sale to proceed,
it has done little to address the status of Western Sahara for Morocco, or
Sudan’s role in the Abraham Accords, which has yet to officially sign the
agreement.
While Biden has put forth the possibility of a Washington
visit for Sudan’s Prime Minister Abdallah Hamdok — raised during a call with
national security adviser Jake Sullivan — a high level Sudanese diplomat
said they are waiting for the official invitation.
Bonnie Glick, who served as Deputy Administrator of the US
Agency for International Development during the Trump administration, called
finalizing Sudan’s participation as a “low-hanging-fruit opportunity to have an
impact on a Muslim country that needs our help.”
“Sudan probably took the biggest risk of any country that’s
signed on to the accords. This is a brand-new government that came to power by
toppling an Islamist autocracy,” she said.
“You have a military government that’s trying to transition
to a civilian government, and they took a calculated risk and said, ‘We’re
going to sign the Abraham Accords.’ And since the Biden administration came in,
there has been silence on the Sudan component in particular.”
Biden officials say they are engaged in efforts to expand
the accords by adding in new countries. Secretary of State Antony Blinken last
month hosted a Zoom call with his counterparts in Israel, the UAE, Bahrain and
Morocco celebrating the one-year anniversary of the accords.
“This administration will continue to build on the
successful efforts of the last administration to keep normalization marching
forward,” Blinken said.
But al-Omari, of the Washington Institute, criticized this
event as “muted.”
“It is a fact that the Biden administration has not been,
very robustly, involved in building on these accords,” he said.
Despite the absence of the Biden administration, ties are
deepening between Israel and Gulf states, largely an outgrowth of more than a
decade of secret ties over concerns of Iran’s ambitions in the region and,
following normalization, excitement over increased economic opportunities and
security initiatives.
Israel is touting as a landmark achievement its pavilion in
Dubai at the World Expo; direct flights and exchanges of hundreds of thousands
of its citizens with the UAE; and raising the possibility that Oman could be
the next country to join the accords.
“We have, I believe, created a change of dynamics and a
change of attitude in the Middle East and in the region,” Eliav Benjamin, Head
of the Bureau of the Middle East and Peace Process Division at the Israeli
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, said in a briefing with reporters Wednesday.
This paradigm shift between Israel and its neighbors,
Benjamin continued, is about “being much more pragmatic and practical on dealing
with issues that we have at hand.”